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Beowulf

  • Genre/Type Descriptor(s)
    Translation from Old English
    Edition of Old English Text
     
    Language(s)
    English
    Old English
  • Translator
    Mitchell, Stephen
    Textual Editor
    Fulk, Robert D.
    Textual Editor
    Bjork, Robert
    Textual Editor
    Niles, John D.
    Reviser
    Mitchell, Stephen
  • City
    New Haven
    Publisher
    Yale University Press
    Date
    2017
  • Relationships
  • Identifying Numbers
    ISBN: 9780300228885
     
    Descriptive Notes

    xxxiii + 225 pp. Old English text (a reproduction of Klaeber's Beowulf, 4th ed., ed. Fulk, Bjork, and Niles, with a small number of deviations listed on pp. xxvii-xxviii), facing a verse translation in which "every line has four beats, and alliteration is a structural element … present in every line, but as unobtrusively as I could manage" (xxv). The translation, which is slightly compressed (totaling 3064 lines), is preceded by an introduction on the poem (xi-xxi), a note on the translation technique (xxiii-xxvi), the list of deviations from Klaeber 4, a table of pronunciations of proper names, and a map.

    The Old English text as given begins:

    Hwæt wē Gār-Dena     in ġeārdagum,
    þēodcyninga     þrym ġefrūnon,
    hū ðā æþelingas     ellen fremedon.

    Oft Scyld Scēfing     sceaþena þrēatum,
    monegum mǣġþum     meodosetla oftēah,
    eġsode eorl[as],     syððan ǣrest wearð
    fēasceaft funden.     Hē þæs frōfre ġebad:
    wēox under wolcnum,     weorðmyndum þāh,
    oð þæt him ǣġhwylċ     þāra ymbsittendra
    ofer hronrāde     hȳran scolde,
    gomban ġyldan.     Þæt wæs gōd cyning. (2)

    And the Modern English text en face begins:

    OF THE STRENGTH OF THE SPEAR-DANES in days gone by
    we have heard, and of their hero-kings:
    the prodigious deeds those princes performed!
    Often Scyld Scefing shattered the ranks
    of hostile tribes and filled them with terror.
    He began as a foundling but flourished later
    and grew to glory beneath the sky,
    until the countries on every coast
    over the waves where the whales ride
    yielded to him with yearly tribute
    to keep the peace. He was a good king. (3)

    The Old English text ends:

    Þā ymbe hlǣw riodan     hildedīore,
    æþelinga bearn,     ealra twelf(e),
    woldon (care) cwīdan     (ond c)yning mǣnan,
    wordġyd wrecan,     ond ymb w(er) sprecan;
    eahtodan eorlscipe     ond his ellenweorc
    duguðum dēmdon—     swā hit ġedē(fe) bið
    þæt mon his winedryhten     wordum herġe,
    ferhðum frēoġe,     þonne hē forð scile
    of l(ī)ċhaman     (lǣ)ded weorðan.
    Swā begnornodon     Ġēata lēode
    hlāfordes (hry)re,     heorðġenēatas;
    cwǣdon þæt hē wǣre     wyruldcyning[a]
    manna mildust     ond mon(ðw)ǣrust,
    lēodum līðost     ond lofġeornost. (204-6)

    And the Modern English facing translation ends:

                          Twelve warriors rode
    around Beowulf's barrow, chanting
    solemn dirges and mourning his death.
    They praised his nobility and his war-prowess
    with the highest praise, as was only proper,
    for a man should honor his own lord
    on the day when he journeys forth from the flesh.

    Thus the Geats all grieved and lamented
    the noble lord whom they so loved.
    They cried out that he was, of all the world's kings,
    the kindest and the most courteous man,
    the most gracious to all, and the keenest for glory. (205-7)

     
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  • Last Updated
    03/21/2022