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Beowulf and Related Readings

  • Genre/Type Descriptor(s)
    Translation from Old English
    Classroom Text or Material
    Novel
    Parody or Humor
    Poem or Poetry
     
    Language(s)
    English
  • Translator
    Raffel, Burton
    Contributor
    Wilbur, Richard
    Contributor
    Gardner, John
    Contributor
    Sagoff, Maurice
    Contributor
    Mason, Herbert
    Contributor
    Pastan, Linda
    Contributor
    Alan-Williams, Gregory
    Compiling Editor
    Uncredited
  • City
    Evanston, IL
    Publisher
    McDougal Littell
    Date
    1998
  • Relationships
    (Upstream) Reproduces in new context -> Beowulf, Wilbur, Richard (1950)
    (Upstream) Reproduces in new context -> Beowulf, Sagoff, Maurice (1980)
    (Upstream) Reproduces in new context -> Beowulf, Raffel, Burton (1963)
    (Upstream) Extracts from and recontextualizes -> Grendel, Gardner, John (1971)
  • Identifying Numbers
    ISBN: 039590109X
     
    Descriptive Notes

    Book is iv + 190 pp. The primary content, on pp. 1-135, is Raffel's 1963 full translation of Beowulf, followed by a glossary of proper names. In the subsequent "Related Readings" section, other Beowulf-related texts are presented as supplements to Raffel's translation: Wilbur's poem "Beowulf" (146-48), an excerpt from Gardner's novel Grendel (149-54), and Sagoff's parodic poem "Beowulf" (155-56, without the illustration by Roslyn Schwartz that had originally accompanied it), together with a few other texts not directly related to Beowulf.

    Raffel's translation begins:

    [title] Prologue

    Hear me! We've heard of Danish heroes,
    Ancient kings and the glory they cut
    For themselves, swinging mighty swords!

    How Shild made slaves of soldiers from every
    Land, crowds of captives he'd beaten
    Into terror; he'd traveled to Denmark alone,
    An abandoned child, but changed his own fate,
    Lived to be rich and much honored. He ruled
    Lands on all sides: wherever the sea
    Would take them his soldiers sailed, returned
    With tribute and obedience. There was a brave
    King! (3)

    And ends:

    And then twelve of the bravest Geats
    Rode their horses around the tower,
    Telling their sorrow, telling stories
    Of their dead king and his greatness, his glory,
    Praising him for heroic deeds, for a life
    As noble as his name. So should all men
    Raise up words for their lords, warm
    With love, when their shield and protector leaves
    His body behind, sends his soul
    On high. And so Beowulf's followers
    Rode, mourning their belovèd leader,
    Crying that no better king had ever
    Lived, no prince so mild, no man
    So open to his people, so deserving of praise. (121-22)

    Wilbur's "Beowulf" begins:

    The land was overmuch like scenery,
    The flowers attentive, the grass too garrulous green;
    In the lake like a dropped kerchief could be seen
    The lark's reflection after the lark was gone;
    The Roman road lay paved too shiningly
    For a road so many men had traveled on. (146)

    And ends:

    He died in his own country a kinless king,
    A name heavy with deeds, and mourned as one
    Will mourn for the frozen year when it is done.
    They buried him next the sea on a thrust of land:
    Twelve men rode round his barrow all in a ring,
    Singing of him what they could understand. (148)

    The excerpt from Gardner's Grendel begins:

    I touch the door with my fingertips and it bursts, for all its fire-forged bands—it jumps away like a terrified deer—and I plunge into the silent, hearthlit hall with a laugh that I wouldn't much care to wake up to myself. I trample the planks that a moment before protected the hall like a hand raised in horror to a terrified mouth (sheer poetry, ah!) and the broken hinges rattle like swords down the timbered walls. The Geats are stones, and whether it's because they're numb with terror or stiff from too much mead, I cannot tell. I am swollen with excitement, bloodlust and joy and a strange fear that mingle in my chest like the twisting rage of a bone-fire. (149)

    And ends:

    Again sight clears. I am slick with blood. I discover I no longer feel pain. Animals gather around me, enemies of old, to watch me die. I give them what I hope will appear a sheepish smile. My heart booms terror. Will the last of my life slide out if I let out breath? They watch with mindless, indifferent eyes, as calm and midnight black as the chasm below me.

    Is it joy I feel?

    They watch on, evil, incredibly stupid, enjoying my destruction.

    "Poor Grendel's had an accident," I whisper. "So may you all." (154)

    Sagoff's "Beowulf" begins:

    Monster Grendel's tastes are plainish.
    Breakfast? Just a couple Danish.

    King of Danes is frantic, very.
    Wait! Here comes the Malmö ferry

    Bringing Beowulf, his neighbor,
    Mighty swinger with a saber! (155)

    And ends:

    Sorrow-stricken, half the nation
    Flocked to Beowulf's cremation;
    Round his pyre, with drums a-muffle
    Did a Nordic soft-shoe shuffle. (156; lack of stanza break between couplets sic)

     
    Authentication

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  • Last Updated
    03/30/2022